Physical verification is a critical stage in the VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) design process that ensures a chip design is ready for fabrication. It involves validating the layout of the integrated circuit against a set of manufacturing rules to detect errors such as design rule violations (DRC), layout versus schematic mismatches (LVS), and electromigration issues. These checks are crucial to guarantee that the design not only functions correctly but also meets the stringent requirements of modern semiconductor manufacturing processes. Without proper physical verification, a chip could fail in production, leading to costly delays and rework. Importance of Training in Physical Verification With the rapid growth of the semiconductor industry, the demand for skilled professionals in physical verification has surged. Engineers must be trained in using industry-standard tools like Calibre, Assura, or PVS to perform thorough checks. A strong foundation in the physical verifi...